What was the pen name C.S. Lewis used for his early poetry book Spirits in Bondage?

C.S. Lewis used the pen name Clive Hamilton for his early poetry book Spirits in Bondage.

The name combined his first name, Clive, with Hamilton, his mother’s maiden name. Spirits in Bondage appeared in 1919, when Lewis was still a young former army officer and student. Publishing under a pseudonym gave the work some distance from his personal identity and reflected the literary conventions of the period.

Lewis used another pseudonym, N.W. Clerk, for The Pilgrim’s Regress in 1933. That second name is one reason the authorship of his early works can be confusing. The name C.S. Lewis became dominant after he began publishing literary criticism, Christian apologetics, and fiction under his initials. Clive Hamilton should therefore be linked specifically with Spirits in Bondage and not treated as Lewis’s general writing name.