What was the original entrance orientation of the Great Pyramid of Giza?

The original entrance of the Great Pyramid of Giza was north-facing.

The entrance is positioned on the pyramid’s north side, several metres above the original ground level. Ancient builders concealed it within the carefully finished limestone casing, so the exterior originally presented a smooth surface rather than an obvious doorway.

The entrance leads into the descending passage, which runs downward into the pyramid and then connects with the internal passage system. The Great Pyramid’s design also includes the Grand Gallery, the King’s Chamber and other chambers, although the structure was not simply a single burial room.

The pyramid was built for Khufu at Giza during Egypt’s Fourth Dynasty. Its orientation is remarkably precise, reflecting the builders’ advanced surveying and astronomical knowledge. The casing stones were later removed or lost, making the entrance easier to identify today.