What was the name of the settlement Mahatma Gandhi founded near Durban in 1904?

Mahatma Gandhi founded the Phoenix Settlement near Durban in South Africa in 1904.

The settlement grew from Gandhi’s work with Indian immigrants and his editorship of Indian Opinion, the newspaper he established in 1903. Located near Inanda, north-west of Durban, Phoenix combined communal living with printing, farming, education, and simple labor. Gandhi was influenced by John Ruskin’s book Unto This Last, which encouraged ideas about the dignity of work and the equality of livelihoods.

Phoenix became an important base for Indian Opinion and for the community that supported Gandhi’s early experiments with collective living and service. It remained connected to the South African phase of his political development, before his return to India in 1915.

Phoenix Settlement is often confused with Tolstoy Farm, another South African community associated with Gandhi. Tolstoy Farm was established near Johannesburg in 1910 with support from Hermann Kallenbach. Sabarmati and Sewagram were later Indian ashrams.