C.S. Lewis set Out of the Silent Planet on the fictional planet Malacandra. Published in 1938, the novel is the first book of his Space Trilogy.
The protagonist, Elwin Ransom, is abducted and taken into space by Devine and Weston. He discovers that the planet humans call Mars is known as Malacandra by its inhabitants. Lewis describes several intelligent species there and builds the novel around language, culture, colonial exploitation, and spiritual order.
Perelandra is not the same planet: it is Lewis’s name for Venus in the trilogy’s second novel. Thulcandra is the name used for Earth. These invented planetary names can be easy to confuse, especially because the trilogy presents them through its own fictional cosmology rather than ordinary astronomical terminology.