What was the name of the easternmost city founded by Alexander?

The easternmost city founded by Alexander was Alexandria Eschate, meaning “Alexandria the Farthest.” Alexander established it in August 329 BC near the Jaxartes River, the modern Syr Darya, in present-day Tajikistan.

The settlement stood at the southwestern end of the Fergana Valley and became the northeastern outpost of Alexander’s empire. Its location helped secure Sogdiana and control routes leading toward Central Asia. Alexander settled Greek veterans and other colonists there, and the inhabitants quickly built defensive walls against nearby Sogdian tribes.

The name is especially useful because Alexander founded or refounded many cities called Alexandria. Alexandria in Egypt, Alexandria in the Caucasus, and Alexandria in Arachosia were separate settlements. Alexandria Eschate was not merely the best-known Alexandria: it was specifically distinguished by its position at the farthest edge of Alexander’s conquests. The site is generally identified with or near modern Khujand, Tajikistan, although its exact ancient layout remains uncertain.