What was the name of J.R.R. Tolkien’s fictional language created for the elves and based mainly on Finnish?

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J.R.R. Tolkien’s Elvish language based mainly on Finnish is Quenya.

Quenya is one of Tolkien’s most developed constructed languages. He drew important inspiration from Finnish, while also incorporating features and ideas connected with Latin, Greek, and other languages. In Tolkien’s mythology, it is an ancient language of the Elves and is associated especially with the Ñoldor and the Valar.

Quenya appears in names, poems, ceremonial phrases, and songs throughout Tolkien’s writings. Examples include the names Eärendil, Galadriel, and Andúril, although not every invented name belongs to Quenya.

A frequent confusion is between Quenya and Sindarin. Sindarin is another Elvish language, generally associated with the Sindar and with later everyday use in much of Middle-earth. Tolkien created both languages with historical relationships, grammar, and sound changes rather than as random collections of fantasy words.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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