What pseudonym did Bitcoin’s creator use when publishing the Bitcoin white paper?

Bitcoin’s creator used the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto when publishing the Bitcoin white paper.

Nakamoto posted the paper, titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” to a cryptography mailing list on 31 October 2008. The paper described a digital payment system designed to work without a trusted central institution.

The name may represent one person or a group; Nakamoto’s real-world identity has never been conclusively established. Several computer scientists and cryptography researchers have been suggested, but no claim has achieved general acceptance.

Nakamoto also communicated with early developers and mined early Bitcoin blocks before gradually withdrawing from public involvement in 2010. The pseudonym is therefore associated with Bitcoin’s design, launch, and early development, not with a verified legal identity.