What phrase was written on Joan of Arc’s banner?

The phrase written on Joan of Arc’s banner was “Jesus, Maria.”

Joan described her banner during the trial of condemnation, explaining that it showed Christ in glory with angels and that the names “Jesus” and “Maria” were written on it. The banner was a religious standard rather than a national flag in the modern sense. Joan said she preferred her banner to her sword and that it guided her in battle.

Several later artistic traditions have added details or altered the banner’s appearance. Because the original banner has not survived, its exact design is known through trial testimony and later accounts rather than through a preserved object.

The banner is also distinct from the standard associated with Joan’s military identity in popular art. Medieval descriptions emphasize its devotional imagery, while modern illustrations often present simplified white flags or elaborate heraldic designs that are not securely documented.