The patterned cloth of criss-crossed bands especially associated with Scottish clans is tartan.
Tartan is woven from horizontal and vertical bands in multiple colors, creating repeating symmetrical designs called setts. It was traditionally made from wool and became closely linked with Highland clothing, especially the kilt. Today, tartan patterns are also used for families, regions, military units, organizations, and commemorative groups.
The popular idea that every clan had one fixed ancient tartan is more complicated. Clan-specific associations became widespread mainly from the late 18th and 19th centuries; earlier tartans were often connected more to local weaving traditions than to individual clans. Some Victorian-era sources also assigned tartans retrospectively, and several clans have multiple recognized designs.
Tartan is not simply another name for every checked fabric. Gingham has a simpler regular check, while tartan usually combines bands of varying widths and colors. Scottish tartan was even restricted by the Dress Act of 1746, before a later Highland revival made it an international symbol of Scottish identity.