What name did J.R.R. Tolkien give to the language commonly called High-elven in Middle-earth?

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J.R.R. Tolkien gave the High-elven language of Middle-earth the name Quenya.

Quenya is one of Tolkien’s most developed constructed languages. In the mythology, it originated among the Elves who reached Aman and remained a prestigious, formal language among the Eldar. It is used in names, poetry, ceremonial speech, and important phrases throughout Tolkien’s writings.

Tolkien developed Quenya’s sound and grammar partly from his study of historical languages, especially Finnish. Its vocabulary and structure were not copied directly from Finnish, however; Tolkien adapted inspirations into an original linguistic system.

Quenya is often confused with Sindarin, another major Elvish language. Sindarin became the everyday Elvish language of many Elves in Middle-earth, while Quenya had an older, more formal status. Tolkien also created other languages, including Khuzdul for the Dwarves and Adûnaic for Númenor.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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