What name did J.R.R. Tolkien give to the high-elven language in his legendarium?

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J.R.R. Tolkien gave the high-elven language in his legendarium the name Quenya.

Quenya is one of Tolkien’s most fully developed constructed languages. He based much of its sound and structure on features of Finnish, while also drawing on his deep knowledge of historical languages. In Tolkien’s fictional history, Quenya is associated especially with the High Elves and with the Elves of Valinor.

Sindarin is the main language of many Elves in Middle-earth during the later parts of the First and Second Ages, so it is often confused with Quenya. Tolkien’s characters use both languages, but they have different histories and roles. Quenya also survives as a ceremonial or scholarly language among some later peoples.

The name is commonly translated as “language” or “speech” in discussions of Tolkien’s linguistic notes. Tolkien created vocabulary and grammar for Quenya over many years, making it more than a simple collection of invented words.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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