What is the title of C.S. Lewis’s 1943 book about pain and divine goodness?

The Problem of Pain is C.S. Lewis’s 1943 book about pain and divine goodness.

Lewis examines why suffering exists if God is both good and omnipotent. He discusses human freedom, the Fall, animal pain, hell, and the idea that divine love does not simply mean giving creatures whatever they want. The book presents a systematic apologetic argument rather than a personal diary of grief.

The Problem of Pain appeared during the Second World War, when questions about suffering had immediate public force. It became one of Lewis’s most widely read works of Christian apologetics.

Readers sometimes confuse it with A Grief Observed, which Lewis wrote after Joy Davidman’s death and published in 1961. The earlier book addresses suffering as a philosophical and theological problem; the later one records the unsettled experience of personal bereavement.