What is the scientific name of the Nile tilapia, a widely farmed freshwater fish?

The scientific name of the Nile tilapia is Oreochromis niloticus.

Nile tilapia is a cichlid native to parts of northern and eastern Africa, including the Nile basin. It has become one of the world’s most important aquaculture fish because it grows quickly, tolerates crowded conditions, and can use a wide range of food.

The species is frequently confused with other tilapias, especially Mozambique tilapia and blue tilapia. “Tilapia” is a broad common name used for several related cichlid species, not the name of one single fish.

Oreochromis niloticus is also notable for mouthbrooding: after spawning, the female commonly carries eggs and young in her mouth. Its popularity in farming has led to introductions outside its natural range, where escaped populations can compete with native fish.