What is the scientific name of the South American lungfish?

The scientific name of the South American lungfish is Lepidosiren paradoxa.

Lepidosiren paradoxa is native to slow-moving and temporary waters in much of tropical South America, including parts of the Amazon and Paraná basins. It is the only living species in the genus Lepidosiren and one of just six living lungfish species worldwide.

Like other lungfish, it can supplement or replace gill breathing with air breathing. During dry periods, it may survive in mud while its habitat lacks open water. Young fish develop external gills, and adults retain a long, eel-like body with greatly reduced paired fins. The species feeds on aquatic animals and plant matter.

The South American lungfish is often confused with African lungfish, which belong to the genus Protopterus, or the Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri. Those are close evolutionary relatives, but they are not the same species and have different geographic ranges.