The Spanish exclave surrounded by France is Llívia. It is a Spanish municipality in the Cerdanya region of Catalonia, completely enclosed by France’s Pyrénées-Orientales department, yet connected to Spain by a road corridor.
Llívia remained Spanish because it was officially recognized as a town in 1528. When the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees transferred much of northern Catalonia and Cerdanya from Spain to France, the treaty referred to villages being ceded, allowing Llívia to remain under Spanish rule. A later agreement in 1660 defined the enclave’s boundaries.
Llívia is often confused with Ceuta and Melilla, which are Spanish territories in North Africa but are not surrounded by France. Gibraltar is also a British overseas territory, not a Spanish exclave. Before modern border controls were eased, Llívia depended on a “neutral road” across French territory for access to the rest of Spain.