The prison for super-villains in Marvel’s New York is called the Raft.
In the comics, the Raft is a maximum-security detention facility designed for superhuman criminals, especially dangerous super-villains. It is associated with Ryker’s Island, an established Marvel prison location, and was introduced as the “Maximum-Maximum Security” wing of that complex.
The facility became especially prominent in New Avengers #1, published in 2005. A mass breakout there helped launch the New Avengers era and brought together heroes including Captain America, Iron Man, Spider-Man, Luke Cage, and Spider-Woman. The prison’s isolation and specialized security reflect the difficulty of holding inmates with extraordinary powers.
Ryker’s Island is therefore an easy wrong answer: it is a broader prison complex, while the Raft is the named superhuman wing most directly associated with Marvel’s imprisoned villains. The Vault is another Marvel prison, but it is generally associated with a different facility and purpose.