The language spoken by the Valar in J.R.R. Tolkien’s legendarium is called Valarin.
The Valar are powerful spiritual beings who enter Arda, the world of Tolkien’s mythology, to shape and govern it under the authority of Eru Ilúvatar. Valarin is described as their own language, distinct from the tongues later developed by Elves and Men.
Tolkien supplied only limited material about Valarin compared with Quenya and Sindarin. The Elves heard Valarin and incorporated some words into their own languages, but Valarin remained remote and difficult for them to understand. Its unusual sound patterns also distinguish it from the more familiar Elvish languages.
Quenya is a major language of the High Elves, while Sindarin is another important Elvish language used in Middle-earth. Adûnaic is associated with the Men of Númenor. Those languages are therefore related to the mythology but do not answer this specific question.