What is the name of the geography test London black-cab drivers must pass?

The geography test London black-cab drivers must pass is called The Knowledge.

The Knowledge is the intensive training and examination system required of London hackney-carriage drivers. Applicants study London’s street network, landmarks and points of interest so they can plan routes immediately without relying on a map, satellite navigation or a radio controller. The test is famous for demanding detailed verbal route knowledge.

The modern system dates to 1865 and has changed relatively little in its central purpose. Candidates learn hundreds of standard routes, often called “runs,” and the important locations near them. During oral examinations, an applicant may be asked to describe a route between two points, naming roads, turns, junctions and nearby landmarks in sequence.

The Knowledge is not a universal test for every taxi driver in Britain. It specifically describes London’s demanding qualification, while other UK areas set their own licensing requirements. Another common mix-up is treating it as merely a written geography exam: it is a prolonged course of study followed by repeated oral assessments, and qualification commonly takes several years.