What is the name of Sheldon's mother in The Big Bang Theory?

Sheldon Cooper’s mother in The Big Bang Theory is Mary Cooper.

Mary is portrayed by Laurie Metcalf and is a devout Southern Baptist from Texas. She is loving and protective toward Sheldon, though her religious beliefs often clash with his atheism and scientific worldview. Sheldon frequently says, “My mother had me tested,” referring to her concern about his unusual behavior as a child.

Mary also has two other children: Sheldon’s twin sister, Missy, and his older brother, Georgie. The character appears throughout the series, and a younger version of Mary is played by Zoe Perry in the spin-off Young Sheldon.