What is the name of C.S. Lewis’s 1945 Christian apologetic book about suffering?

The Problem of Pain is C.S. Lewis’s 1945 Christian apologetic book about suffering.

Published in 1940, the book examines why suffering exists if God is good and omnipotent. Lewis discusses divine goodness, human freedom, pain, animal suffering, and hell within a broadly Christian framework. It is a work of theological argument rather than a personal memoir.

The date can be confusing because Lewis wrote and published several influential books in the early 1940s. The Problem of Pain predates A Grief Observed, which was written after the death of his wife Joy Davidman and published in 1961. The earlier book presents a systematic argument, while the later work is more intimate and marked by personal grief.