The Jewish blessing over wine or grape juice at Shabbat meals is called Kiddush.
Kiddush means “sanctification” and fulfills the biblical command to remember the Sabbath. It is commonly recited over a cup of wine or grape juice before the evening meal on Friday and again before the daytime meal on Saturday.
The Friday-night Kiddush begins with a passage from Genesis describing the completion of creation, followed by a blessing over wine and a blessing acknowledging Shabbat. The daytime version is shorter and is often called Kiddush Rabba, or “the great Kiddush,” despite being briefer.
Kiddush should not be confused with Havdalah, which marks Shabbat’s end, or Kaddish, a series of Aramaic prayers that sanctify God’s name and are associated with mourning and worship. Customs surrounding the cup, covering the bread, and who recites the blessing vary among Jewish communities.