C.S. Lewis’s Out of the Silent Planet uses Malacandra as the name for Mars.
Published in 1938, Out of the Silent Planet is the first novel in Lewis’s Space Trilogy. The linguist and academic Elwin Ransom is abducted and taken to Malacandra, a planet whose inhabitants and landscapes challenge the assumptions of the human visitors. Lewis uses the older astronomical association of Mars while giving the planet its own name, cultures, languages, and moral history.
The novel is science fiction rather than a straightforward astronomical account. Lewis wrote it partly in response to what he considered spiritually bleak trends in some modern space fiction, including works by H.G. Wells and Olaf Stapledon. Malacandra is therefore a literary version of Mars, not a claim that the real planet contains the civilizations described in the book.