J.R.R. Tolkien based much of Quenya’s structure on Finnish.
Quenya is one of Tolkien’s most developed invented languages and is associated with the Elves of Middle-earth. Its sound patterns and grammar reflect Tolkien’s admiration for Finnish, which he encountered while studying languages and literature. Quenya also incorporates influences from Latin, Greek, and other linguistic traditions.
Within Tolkien’s fictional history, Quenya is an ancient Elvish language connected especially with the Ñoldor and the Elves of Valinor. It remains important in formal names, poetry, songs, and titles throughout the legendarium.
Quenya is often confused with Sindarin because both are major Elvish languages. Sindarin became the more common spoken Elvish language in much of Middle-earth, while Quenya often carries a more formal, archaic, or ceremonial role. Tolkien continued refining both languages throughout his life.