What currency did Angola introduce in 1999 to replace the readjusted kwanza?

Angola introduced the second kwanza in 1999 to replace the readjusted kwanza.

Angola’s monetary history includes several versions of the kwanza. The original kwanza replaced the Angolan escudo in 1977. After severe inflation, Angola introduced the readjusted kwanza in 1995, but that currency also lost value. In 1999, the second kwanza replaced it at a rate of 1 second kwanza for 1,000,000 readjusted kwanzas.

The currency is named after the Kwanza River, one of Angola’s important rivers. The National Bank of Angola issues the kwanza, whose ISO 4217 code is AOA.

The term “second kwanza” is used by numismatic and monetary references to distinguish the 1999 currency from earlier kwanza issues. In everyday English, however, it is usually simply called the Angolan kwanza. The currency was later redenominated again in 2020, without changing its common name.