Leonardo da Vinci’s armored fighting vehicle is commonly called Leonardo’s tank.
Leonardo drew the design around 1487–1489 while working in Milan for Ludovico Sforza. The conical, turtle-like vehicle had sloped armor intended to deflect enemy fire and numerous guns arranged around its sides. It was designed to move using people turning internal cranks connected to wheels.
The machine was never built in Leonardo’s lifetime, so it was a concept rather than a working Renaissance tank. Some modern reconstructions have demonstrated that the design would require engineering changes, including correcting a possible gearing problem in the surviving drawing.
The vehicle is often described as an early ancestor of the tank, but it was not powered by an engine and was not tested in battle. Its design belonged to Leonardo’s wider work on military engineering, which also included bridges, artillery, fortifications, and defensive devices.