Under what name did C.S. Lewis publish poetry such as Spirits in Bondage?

C.S. Lewis published poetry such as Spirits in Bondage under the name Clive Hamilton.

Spirits in Bondage was published in 1919, when Lewis was a young man who had recently served in the First World War. The collection appeared under the pseudonym Clive Hamilton rather than his familiar name, C.S. Lewis. Its poems reflect themes including suffering, nature, war, and religious uncertainty.

The pseudonym combined Lewis’s first name with Hamilton, his mother’s family name. Lewis later used another pen name, N.W. Clerk, for A Grief Observed, published in 1961. These names should not be confused: Clive Hamilton belongs chiefly to his early poetry, while N.W. Clerk concealed the identity of the author writing about grief.

Lewis eventually became better known for prose, including literary criticism, Christian apologetics, and fantasy. His early poetry nevertheless helps document his intellectual development before his return to Christianity and his later public career.