The goldfish is a domesticated form of which wild carp species?

The goldfish is a domesticated form of the Prussian carp.

Goldfish, Carassius auratus, were developed in China from naturally dull-colored populations of Prussian carp. Early keepers selected unusual yellow, orange and reddish individuals, gradually producing ornamental fish with brighter colors and varied body shapes.

Goldfish domestication began more than a thousand years ago, with major development occurring during China’s Tang dynasty and later Song dynasty. Their popularity spread beyond China, eventually reaching Japan, Europe and other regions. Selective breeding produced forms such as the comet, fantail, oranda and bubble eye.

Goldfish are often confused with koi because both are pond fish, but they belong to different species and genera. Goldfish can also grow much larger than expected in suitable outdoor habitats. Released goldfish may become invasive because they tolerate a wide range of conditions and reproduce successfully.