In which battle did the Ottoman navy suffer a major defeat by the Holy League in 1571?

The battle in which the Ottoman navy suffered a major defeat by the Holy League in 1571 was the Battle of Lepanto. It took place on 7 October 1571 in the Gulf of Patras, near western Greece.

The Holy League was a Catholic coalition organized by Pope Pius V and led militarily by John of Austria. Its fleet included major contingents from Venice, Spain, Genoa, the Papal States, and the Knights of Malta. The alliance had formed partly in response to the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus, a Venetian possession.

Lepanto was one of the largest galley battles in Mediterranean history. The Holy League deployed 206 galleys and six heavily armed galleasses, whose artillery helped disrupt the Ottoman line. Fighting was conducted largely by boarding and close-range infantry combat on floating platforms.

The Ottoman Empire rebuilt its fleet relatively quickly, so Lepanto did not permanently end Ottoman naval power. Nevertheless, it became a celebrated Christian victory and marked the last major Western battle fought almost entirely by rowing vessels. The other options refer to different Ottoman-Venetian naval encounters.