The Battle of Cajamarca took place in 1532.
More precisely, the decisive encounter occurred on November 16, 1532, in the city of Cajamarca in the northern Andes of present-day Peru. Francisco Pizarro and roughly 168 Spanish soldiers had marched into the Inca Empire during a succession struggle between Atahualpa and Huáscar.
Atahualpa arrived in Cajamarca with a much larger following, but many of those accompanying him were unarmed attendants in a ceremonial procession. Pizarro’s soldiers sprang from hiding, using cavalry, firearms, and surprise to scatter the procession and capture the Inca ruler.
The event was not the final battle of the entire conquest, but it was a decisive opening blow. Atahualpa’s captivity allowed the Spanish to demand an enormous ransom and disrupt the empire’s leadership. The Inca capital, Cusco, fell to the Spanish in 1533, after Atahualpa’s execution.