Which Inca noble led the 1780 uprising against Spanish rule in Peru?

Túpac Amaru II led the 1780 uprising against Spanish rule in Peru.

Born José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera, Túpac Amaru II was an Indigenous noble and kuraka who governed several communities near Cusco. He claimed descent from Túpac Amaru I, the last ruler of the Neo-Inca state at Vilcabamba, and adopted that name to express his connection with Inca legitimacy.

The rebellion began on 4 November 1780 when he captured and executed Antonio de Arriaga, the Spanish corregidor of Tinta. Túpac Amaru’s movement opposed forced labor, heavy taxation, compulsory sales, and abuses associated with Bourbon colonial reforms. It rapidly spread across southern Peru and influenced related uprisings in the Andes.

Spanish forces defeated and captured him in 1781. He was executed in Cusco on 18 May 1781, but the wider rebellion continued under other leaders, including his cousin Diego Cristóbal Túpac Amaru and Túpac Katari. The name is sometimes shortened to Túpac Amaru, but the “II” distinguishes this eighteenth-century rebel from the earlier Inca ruler Túpac Amaru I.