In Dan Simmons's novel Hyperion, the pilgrimage planet is named Hyperion. It is an isolated world in the Outback of the Hegemony of Man and the setting for the book's central journey.
Hyperion is famous for the Time Tombs, enormous structures that move backward through time, and for the Shrike, a mysterious metallic creature associated with them. Seven pilgrims travel toward the tombs, each carrying a personal reason for seeking the Shrike, which is said to grant one wish to each pilgrim.
The novel was published in 1989 and uses a frame structure inspired by Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. Each pilgrim tells a separate story, allowing Simmons to combine military science fiction, religious mystery, poetry, time travel, and space opera.
Hyperion is not Mars, Endymion, or Olympos. Those names may sound plausible because the novel draws on classical mythology and includes characters connected with other worlds, but the pilgrimage destination is the planet that gives the book and its wider series their name. The story continues in The Fall of Hyperion, published in 1990.