In Jewish tradition, the Hebrew word for charity or righteous giving is tzedakah.
Tzedakah comes from the Hebrew root associated with righteousness and justice. Unlike a purely voluntary act of generosity, Jewish teaching treats giving to people in need as a religious obligation. The concept therefore emphasizes social responsibility, dignity, and fairness rather than only personal kindness.
Rabbinic tradition discusses levels of giving, with especially high forms including helping someone become self-sufficient through a loan, partnership, or employment. Giving anonymously can also protect the recipient’s dignity. Jewish communities have historically created charity funds and communal institutions to meet these obligations.
Tzedakah is often confused with tzedek, meaning justice, and with gemilut chasadim, acts of loving-kindness. The terms overlap in practice, but tzedakah specifically highlights righteous obligation and material support. Teshuvah means repentance or return, while tefillah means prayer.