In ancient Egyptian mummification, the canopic god Hapi protected the lungs.
Hapi was one of the Four Sons of Horus, divine figures associated with the organs removed during embalming. His canopic jar had a baboon-headed lid and held the lungs of the deceased. The name Hapi here refers to this funerary deity, not the separate Egyptian god of the annual Nile flood, whose name is also commonly written Hapi.
The other traditional pairings were Imsety with the liver, Duamutef with the stomach, and Qebehsenuef with the intestines. The organs were preserved because Egyptians believed the body’s parts remained important for existence after death.
Canopic equipment changed over Egyptian history. Early jars could have plain or human-headed lids, while the familiar animal-headed associations became standard later. Anubis was connected with embalming, but Hapi—not Anubis—was the guardian assigned to the lungs.