Earth is traditionally divided into seven continents in the most widely taught model.
Those continents are Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Australia, and South America. The model is a geographic convention rather than a single universally required scientific classification, so some education systems combine Europe and Asia as Eurasia or combine North and South America as one continent.
Continents are generally understood as large landmasses, but the boundaries are not purely determined by geology. For example, the boundary between Europe and Asia follows a convention involving the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus region, Black Sea, and Turkish straits.
Australia is sometimes discussed as part of the broader region of Oceania, but the traditional seven-continent answer names Australia. Antarctica is the only continent without a permanent native human population.