Seven continents are traditionally recognized on Earth: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Australia and South America. This is the most widely taught English-language model.
A continent is generally understood as a major continuous landmass, although the boundaries are partly shaped by geography, history and convention. Europe and Asia form one connected landmass, Eurasia, but are commonly treated as separate continents in school geography.
Different educational systems use other models. Some combine Europe and Asia as Eurasia, while others combine North and South America as one continent or treat Australia and surrounding islands as Oceania. The answer “seven” is therefore the standard traditional count, not a universal geological rule.