The Sumerian mother goddess associated with fertility and childbirth was Ninhursag.
Ninhursag was one of Sumer’s major deities and was especially connected with the earth, fertility, motherhood, and the protection of rulers. Her name is commonly translated as “Lady of the Sacred Mountain.” She was also known by related names and titles, including Ninmah, “Great Queen,” and Nintu, “Lady of Birth.”
Her role was broader than childbirth alone. In different periods and traditions, she could be understood as a nurturing mother, a birth goddess, a womb deity, or a divine midwife. In the myth Enki and Ninmah, she helps create humanity and participates in a contest with Enki over the shaping and social roles of human beings.
Ninhursag is sometimes confused with Ki, the personification of Earth, or with Inanna, whose spheres include love, sexuality, war, and political power. Those figures overlap in some traditions, but Ninhursag is the clearest canonical answer for the Sumerian mother-and-fertility goddess described here.