Who was the Roman goddess of strife and discord?

Who was the Roman goddess of strife and discord? Discordia was the Roman goddess and personification of strife and discord.

Discordia was the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Eris. Unlike major Roman deities with established temples and organized cults, Discordia was primarily a literary personification. Roman poets used her to represent quarrelling, political division, warfare, and especially the destructive force of civil conflict.

In mythographic retellings, Discordia played the role Eris had played at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. Excluded from the celebration, she sent a golden apple marked for the fairest goddess. Juno, Venus, and Minerva competed for it, leading to the Judgment of Paris and, ultimately, the Trojan War. This story is a Roman adaptation of Greek myth rather than an exclusively Roman invention.

Discordia’s opposite was Concordia, the goddess of harmony and civic unity. Roman writers repeatedly contrasted the two ideas, particularly when discussing civil war. Virgil and later Latin authors made Discordia a vivid figure of internal strife, while late-antique Christian writers also used her symbolically for religious division and heresy.