Who was the god of the underworld and vegetation?

Osiris was the god of the underworld and vegetation in ancient Egyptian religion.

Osiris was also associated with fertility, agriculture, resurrection, the dead, and renewed life. Egyptian tradition portrayed him as a murdered king whose brother Set dismembered his body. Isis, Osiris’s sister and wife, gathered and restored the pieces, allowing Osiris to become ruler of the afterlife.

His connection with vegetation came from the Egyptians’ observation of seasonal renewal, the sprouting of crops, and the annual flooding of the Nile. Osiris’s green skin in many artistic depictions symbolizes regeneration and fertility. He was commonly shown partly wrapped as a mummy, wearing the atef crown and holding a crook and flail.

A common mix-up is confusing Osiris with Anubis. Anubis was strongly associated with embalming and funerary rites, while Osiris judged and ruled the dead. Osiris’s major cult centers included Abydos and Busiris, and his worship was documented by the Fifth Dynasty.