Who was the god of craftsmen and architecture?

Ptah was the god of craftsmen and architecture in ancient Egyptian religion.

Ptah was especially associated with Memphis, where he formed the city's central divine tradition. His worshippers linked him with builders, sculptors, metalworkers, carpenters, and other skilled artisans. The high priests of Ptah worked closely with royal officials on major building and funerary projects, giving the god a strong connection to Egypt's monumental architecture.

Ptah was more than a patron of trades. In the Memphite creation theology, he conceived the world in his heart and brought it into existence through speech. He was often shown as a bearded, tightly wrapped man holding a staff combining the ankh, djed, and was symbols. A common mix-up is to identify him only as a creator god; his defining practical role was also the protection of craftsmen and the arts. His temple complex at Memphis, Hut-ka-Ptah, is traditionally connected with the later Greek name Aigyptos and the English name Egypt.