Who was the Dutch botanist who independently rediscovered Mendel's laws?

The Dutch botanist who independently rediscovered Mendel’s laws was Hugo de Vries. His breeding experiments in the 1890s produced inheritance patterns resembling Mendel’s laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment.

De Vries initially worked without fully recognizing Mendel’s earlier research. When he later encountered Mendel’s 1866 paper, he adjusted some terminology and acknowledged that Mendel had priority. De Vries’s 1900 publications helped bring Mendel’s neglected work to the attention of the scientific community.

The wording can cause a common historical mix-up because de Vries was not the only scientist involved in the rediscovery. Carl Correns of Germany and Erich von Tschermak of Austria independently reported related findings around the same time. However, Hugo de Vries is the canonical answer when the question asks specifically for the Dutch botanist.

De Vries also introduced the term mutation into genetics and developed a mutation theory of evolution based partly on experiments with evening primrose. His work helped launch genetics as a modern scientific discipline.