Which WTO agreement regulates agricultural trade, including domestic support and export subsidies?

The Agreement on Agriculture regulates agricultural trade, including domestic support and export subsidies.

It was negotiated in the Uruguay Round and entered into force with the WTO in 1995. The agreement brought agricultural policies more fully into the multilateral trading system after decades in which farm trade was subject to extensive exceptions and special arrangements.

Its main areas are market access, domestic support and export competition. Market access involves converting many non-tariff restrictions into tariffs, while domestic-support disciplines distinguish between support measures according to their effects on production and trade.

The agreement is often confused with later WTO negotiations on agriculture. The original treaty established the framework, while subsequent ministerial meetings tried to deepen commitments. Export-subsidy rules were strengthened by the Nairobi Ministerial Decision in 2015.