Which Sikh Guru created the Miri Piri concept?

Which Sikh Guru created the Miri Piri concept? Guru Hargobind created and symbolized the Miri Piri concept in Sikh tradition.

Guru Hargobind became the sixth Sikh Guru in 1606, after the execution of his father, Guru Arjan. In response to the changing political and religious circumstances of the period, he emphasized that Sikh life involved both spiritual responsibility and the defense of justice. Miri refers broadly to temporal or worldly authority, while Piri refers to spiritual authority.

At his succession, Guru Hargobind wore two swords, one representing Miri and the other Piri. The symbolism expressed a balance rather than a separation: spiritual principles were meant to guide action in society, while temporal responsibility included protecting the community from oppression.

Guru Hargobind also established the Akal Takht at Amritsar, opposite the Harmandir Sahib. The Harmandir Sahib represented spiritual authority, while the Akal Takht became associated with temporal authority and collective decision-making. Guru Nanak and earlier Sikh Gurus had taught active, ethical household life, but Guru Hargobind gave this spiritual-worldly relationship its most recognizable institutional and military expression.