Which scientist proposed the three laws of planetary motion?

Johannes Kepler proposed the three laws of planetary motion.

Kepler published his first two laws in 1609 in Astronomia nova and his third law in 1619 in Harmonices Mundi. Using exceptionally precise observations made by Tycho Brahe, he showed that planets travel in ellipses rather than perfect circles.

Kepler’s first law states that a planet’s orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. The second law says that a line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times, meaning the planet moves faster when closer to the Sun. The third law relates the square of a planet’s orbital period to the cube of its orbit’s semimajor axis.

Isaac Newton later explained Kepler’s laws through universal gravitation. Copernicus had earlier proposed a Sun-centred model, and Galileo provided important telescopic evidence, but Kepler established the mathematical laws describing planetary orbits.