Saudi Aramco is the world's largest integrated oil and gas company and one of the largest by market capitalization.
Saudi Aramco is the short name for Saudi Arabian Oil Company. Its origins trace to an oil concession granted in 1933 to Standard Oil of California, later known as Chevron. Commercial oil production began in Saudi Arabia in the late 1930s.
The company became fully owned by the Saudi government in 1988. It operates across exploration, production, refining, chemicals, and distribution, giving it an integrated position in the petroleum industry. Its vast reserves and high production capacity have made it especially significant in global energy markets.
Saudi Aramco listed a portion of its shares on the Saudi Stock Exchange, Tadawul, in 2019. It is distinct from Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund, the Public Investment Fund, although the government and state institutions remain central to its ownership structure.