Which renewable-energy device converts wave motion into electricity?

A wave-energy converter converts wave motion into electricity.

Wave-energy converters capture the movement of ocean waves and transform it into mechanical motion, pressure changes, or oscillating water flow. A generator then converts that mechanical energy into electrical power. Designs include oscillating water columns, point absorbers, attenuators, and overtopping devices.

The marine environment makes this technology challenging. Equipment must survive corrosion, storms, repeated loading, and difficult maintenance conditions. It must also be connected to electrical infrastructure, often through subsea cables.

Wave energy is different from tidal energy. Waves are mainly driven by wind transferring energy to the sea surface, while tidal systems exploit the predictable movement caused largely by the gravitational effects of the Moon and Sun. Individual wave projects have been tested in several countries, but large-scale commercial deployment remains limited.