Which region did the Mongol Golden Horde mainly rule?

The Mongol Golden Horde mainly ruled the Rus' principalities. Its territories formed the western portion of the Mongol world, centred around the lower Volga and extending across much of the steppe and into Eastern Europe.

The Golden Horde, also called the Ulus of Jochi, grew from the lands assigned to Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan. Under Batu Khan, Mongol armies conquered the Rus' lands in the 13th century. The Rus' princes generally remained in place, but they acknowledged the khan’s authority, paid tribute, and often needed his approval to hold their titles.

The Horde was not simply a Mongol-ruled version of China or Persia. China was governed by the Yuan dynasty, while Persia became the centre of the Ilkhanate. Nor did the Golden Horde mainly rule India. Its influence over the Rus' principalities gradually weakened, and the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480 traditionally marks the end of Mongol overlordship over Moscow’s lands.