Which radio antenna network is used to communicate with the Voyager probes?

The radio antenna network used to communicate with the Voyager probes is NASA’s Deep Space Network.

The Deep Space Network, or DSN, is a worldwide system of large radio antennas operated for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Its three primary complexes are located near Goldstone, California; Madrid, Spain; and Canberra, Australia. Their locations allow Earth to maintain contact with distant spacecraft as the planet rotates.

Voyager’s spacecraft use high-gain dish antennas to send scientific data to Earth and receive commands. The signals become extraordinarily weak over interplanetary distances, so the DSN relies on large antennas, sensitive receivers, precise pointing, and sophisticated error correction.

The European VLBI Network and Very Long Baseline Array are also radio-astronomy facilities, but they are not the dedicated network used for routine Voyager command and tracking. “Space Network” generally refers to NASA’s near-Earth communications system, not the deep-space array supporting Voyager.