What stabilization method is used by the identical Voyager spacecraft?

The identical Voyager spacecraft use three-axis stabilization.

Three-axis stabilization keeps a spacecraft oriented around its roll, pitch, and yaw axes rather than allowing the entire vehicle to spin. Voyager’s Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem combines gyroscopes, accelerometers, celestial references, and small hydrazine thrusters to maintain that orientation.

This precision mattered because Voyager had to perform several jobs at once: keep its 3.7-meter high-gain antenna aimed at Earth, point scientific instruments toward planets and moons, and turn its scan platform to target observations. The system could make controlled attitude changes during encounters and communications.

The answer is sometimes confused with spin stabilization, which is used by spacecraft that rotate to maintain overall pointing stability. Voyager did use rotating components in some instruments, but the spacecraft body itself was three-axis stabilized. The two probes were designed as essentially identical spacecraft, although their later trajectories and operating histories diverged after launch in 1977.