Which process recovers energy while an electric car slows down?

Regenerative braking recovers energy while an electric car slows down.

During regeneration, the vehicle’s electric motor operates as a generator. The wheels drive the motor, converting some of the car’s kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is sent back to the high-voltage battery. This process also produces a braking force.

Regeneration is different from friction braking. Friction brakes press pads against discs or drums and turn motion into heat. Electric cars still use friction brakes for emergency stops, low-speed stopping, and situations where the battery cannot accept more energy.

Regenerative braking does not recover all the energy used to accelerate. Conversion losses occur in the motor, inverter, battery, tires, and drivetrain. Nevertheless, it can improve efficiency, especially in urban traffic and on descents.