Which philosophical school emphasizes the concept of 'Ren' (benevolence)?

Confucianism is the philosophical school that places Ren, or benevolence and humaneness, at the center of ethical life.

Ren is associated with compassion, empathy, trustworthiness, courage, and reciprocity. Confucius presented it not as a single abstract rule but as a virtue expressed through relationships: treating parents, rulers, friends, and fellow citizens with appropriate care and respect.

Confucian thinkers linked Ren closely with Li, the rituals and forms of proper conduct that organize social life. Ren supplies the humane intention, while Li gives that intention a practical shape. Together they support the Confucian goal of family stability, social harmony, and moral government.

Daoism is instead strongly associated with the Dao and wu wei, while Legalism emphasizes law and state authority. Mohism also promoted concern for others, but its characteristic ethical language differs from Confucianism’s central doctrine of Ren.